The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 80 all occur at the Moon’s descending node and the Moon moves northward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on -0333 Jun 13. The series ended with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 0929 Jul 09. The total duration of Saros series 80 is 1262.11 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = -0333 Jun 13 11:20:58 TD
Last Eclipse = 0929 Jul 09 09:02:03 TD
Duration of Saros 80 = 1262.11 Years
Saros 80 is composed of 71 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 80 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 71 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 15 | 21.1% |
| Annular | A | 48 | 67.6% |
| Total | T | 6 | 8.5% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 2 | 2.8% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 80 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 80 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 56 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 54 | 96.4% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.8% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 71 eclipses in Saros 80: 7P 48A 2H 6T 8P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 80 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 0767 Apr 03 Duration = 01m55s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 0695 Feb 19 Duration = 01m05s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: -0081 Nov 11 Duration = 07m12s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 0641 Jan 17 Duration = 00m17s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0677 Feb 07 Duration = 00m40s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 0659 Jan 28 Duration = 00m12s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0803 Apr 25 Magnitude = 0.9074
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 0929 Jul 09 Magnitude = 0.0049
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 80 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 080 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -33 -0333 Jun 13 11:20:58 14183 -28850 Pb -1.4808 0.1318 67.0S 68.9E 0 358
02 -32 -0315 Jun 23 17:55:20 13958 -28627 P -1.4037 0.2677 66.0S 41.3W 0 9
03 -31 -0297 Jul 05 00:30:09 13736 -28404 P -1.3270 0.4017 65.0S 151.1W 0 19
04 -30 -0279 Jul 15 07:09:25 13517 -28181 P -1.2541 0.5282 64.1S 98.3E 0 28
05 -29 -0261 Jul 26 13:52:50 13301 -27958 P -1.1846 0.6477 63.2S 13.0W 0 38
06 -28 -0243 Aug 05 20:41:50 13088 -27735 P -1.1196 0.7583 62.5S 125.4W 0 47
07 -27 -0225 Aug 17 03:38:08 12878 -27512 P -1.0606 0.8575 61.8S 120.5E 0 56
08 -26 -0207 Aug 27 10:42:23 12670 -27289 A- -1.0082 0.9449 61.3S 4.8E 0 65 - -
09 -25 -0189 Sep 07 17:55:21 12465 -27066 A -0.9629 0.9257 54.1S 87.8W 15 52 1028 06m21s
10 -24 -0171 Sep 18 01:16:16 12262 -26843 A -0.9241 0.9233 51.8S 164.3E 22 52 739 06m40s
11 -23 -0153 Sep 29 08:46:34 12062 -26620 A -0.8929 0.9205 52.1S 51.4E 26 53 651 06m53s
12 -22 -0135 Oct 09 16:24:33 11864 -26397 A -0.8680 0.9177 53.7S 64.2W 29 54 614 07m02s
13 -21 -0117 Oct 21 00:09:43 11668 -26174 A -0.8491 0.9153 56.4S 178.1E 32 55 599 07m08s
14 -20 -0099 Oct 31 08:01:17 11474 -25951 A -0.8354 0.9132 59.8S 58.8E 33 56 594 07m11s
15 -19 -0081 Nov 11 15:58:12 11282 -25728 A -0.8266 0.9117 63.7S 61.2W 34 55 595 07m12s
16 -18 -0063 Nov 21 23:58:15 11092 -25505 A -0.8201 0.9108 67.8S 179.5E 35 53 595 07m12s
17 -17 -0045 Dec 03 07:59:17 10904 -25282 A -0.8143 0.9105 71.7S 63.0E 35 48 592 07m10s
18 -16 -0027 Dec 13 16:00:18 10718 -25059 A -0.8087 0.9109 74.9S 48.5W 36 38 583 07m08s
19 -15 -0009 Dec 24 23:59:49 10533 -24836 A -0.8021 0.9119 76.6S 153.2W 36 21 568 07m05s
20 -14 0010 Jan 04 07:54:31 10350 -24613 A -0.7914 0.9138 75.7S 105.7E 37 1 542 07m03s
21 -13 0028 Jan 15 15:44:31 10169 -24390 A -0.7769 0.9162 72.5S 0.5E 39 347 509 07m01s
22 -12 0046 Jan 25 23:27:16 9989 -24167 A -0.7561 0.9194 67.6S 109.6W 41 339 469 06m59s
23 -11 0064 Feb 06 07:03:55 9810 -23944 A -0.7300 0.9230 61.7S 137.4E 43 336 426 06m57s
24 -10 0082 Feb 16 14:30:25 9633 -23721 A -0.6954 0.9272 55.0S 24.3E 46 335 380 06m55s
25 -09 0100 Feb 27 21:50:10 9456 -23498 A -0.6548 0.9316 47.8S 88.5W 49 336 336 06m52s
26 -08 0118 Mar 10 04:59:55 9281 -23275 A -0.6055 0.9363 40.1S 160.5E 53 337 295 06m47s
27 -07 0136 Mar 20 12:02:35 9107 -23052 A -0.5499 0.9411 32.2S 50.9E 56 339 259 06m38s
28 -06 0154 Mar 31 18:56:08 8933 -22829 A -0.4860 0.9460 24.0S 56.5W 61 341 226 06m25s
29 -05 0172 Apr 11 01:44:29 8761 -22606 A -0.4172 0.9506 15.8S 162.4W 65 343 198 06m07s
30 -04 0190 Apr 22 08:26:19 8589 -22383 A -0.3424 0.9551 7.7S 93.6E 70 345 174 05m44s
31 -03 0208 May 02 15:03:13 8417 -22160 A -0.2628 0.9593 0.4N 8.8W 75 348 153 05m17s
32 -02 0226 May 13 21:37:07 8247 -21937 A -0.1799 0.9631 8.1N 109.9W 80 351 136 04m47s
33 -01 0244 May 24 04:09:35 8076 -21714 A -0.0948 0.9665 15.4N 150.2E 85 354 121 04m16s
34 00 0262 Jun 04 10:42:17 7906 -21491 A -0.0093 0.9694 22.1N 51.0E 90 358 110 03m45s
35 01 0280 Jun 14 17:15:49 7737 -21268 A 0.0764 0.9718 28.0N 47.4W 85 183 102 03m18s
36 02 0298 Jun 25 23:53:31 7567 -21045 Am 0.1595 0.9736 32.9N 145.8W 81 188 96 02m55s
37 03 0316 Jul 06 06:35:51 7398 -20822 A 0.2400 0.9750 36.7N 115.6E 76 193 92 02m37s
38 04 0334 Jul 17 13:23:32 7229 -20599 A 0.3168 0.9759 39.4N 16.3E 71 199 91 02m23s
39 05 0352 Jul 27 20:18:57 7059 -20376 A 0.3881 0.9763 40.7N 84.5W 67 204 91 02m15s
40 06 0370 Aug 08 03:22:48 6890 -20153 A 0.4533 0.9765 41.0N 172.3E 63 209 94 02m09s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 07 0388 Aug 18 10:36:49 6720 -19930 A 0.5112 0.9763 40.3N 66.0E 59 213 98 02m08s
42 08 0406 Aug 29 17:59:08 6550 -19707 A 0.5632 0.9759 39.0N 43.1W 56 216 103 02m08s
43 09 0424 Sep 09 01:33:22 6379 -19484 A 0.6062 0.9755 37.1N 156.2W 52 217 108 02m10s
44 10 0442 Sep 20 09:16:50 6208 -19261 A 0.6424 0.9751 35.0N 87.5E 50 216 114 02m14s
45 11 0460 Sep 30 17:11:26 6036 -19038 A 0.6702 0.9749 32.8N 32.5W 48 215 118 02m18s
46 12 0478 Oct 12 01:13:46 5864 -18815 A 0.6924 0.9748 30.7N 155.0W 46 213 121 02m21s
47 13 0496 Oct 22 09:26:26 5691 -18592 A 0.7070 0.9752 28.5N 79.4E 45 209 122 02m23s
48 14 0514 Nov 02 17:45:19 5517 -18369 A 0.7173 0.9760 26.7N 48.2W 44 205 120 02m23s
49 15 0532 Nov 13 02:11:04 5342 -18146 A 0.7224 0.9774 25.0N 177.7W 44 201 115 02m19s
50 16 0550 Nov 24 10:41:00 5166 -17923 A 0.7249 0.9793 23.7N 51.7E 43 197 106 02m11s
51 17 0568 Dec 04 19:15:00 4986 -17700 A 0.7245 0.9818 22.9N 80.0W 43 192 93 01m57s
52 18 0586 Dec 16 03:49:22 4806 -17477 A 0.7247 0.9848 22.7N 148.2E 43 187 78 01m38s
53 19 0604 Dec 26 12:23:39 4637 -17254 A 0.7257 0.9884 23.3N 16.5E 43 182 59 01m14s
54 20 0623 Jan 06 20:55:51 4493 -17031 A 0.7292 0.9926 24.7N 114.7W 43 177 38 00m47s
55 21 0641 Jan 17 05:25:38 4349 -16808 A 0.7350 0.9972 27.0N 114.6E 42 173 15 00m17s
56 22 0659 Jan 28 13:49:17 4188 -16585 H 0.7468 1.0021 30.3N 14.9W 41 168 11 00m12s
57 23 0677 Feb 07 22:08:16 4008 -16362 H 0.7632 1.0073 34.4N 143.7W 40 164 39 00m40s
58 24 0695 Feb 19 06:19:39 3828 -16139 T 0.7865 1.0126 39.6N 88.8E 38 160 70 01m05s
59 25 0713 Mar 01 14:25:35 3675 -15916 T 0.8151 1.0179 45.7N 38.0W 35 155 105 01m27s
60 26 0731 Mar 12 22:22:19 3531 -15693 T 0.8516 1.0229 52.7N 164.1W 31 150 148 01m43s
61 27 0749 Mar 23 06:13:53 3387 -15470 T 0.8932 1.0275 60.6N 68.1E 26 141 208 01m53s
62 28 0767 Apr 03 13:57:12 3244 -15247 T 0.9422 1.0311 69.2N 66.8W 19 125 319 01m55s
63 29 0785 Apr 13 21:35:47 3100 -15024 Tn 0.9956 1.0317 72.8N 113.6E 3 63 - 01m40s
64 30 0803 Apr 25 05:07:36 2956 -14801 P 1.0553 0.9074 70.5N 21.1W 0 43
65 31 0821 May 05 12:36:38 2813 -14578 P 1.1177 0.7903 69.7N 146.4W 0 31
66 32 0839 May 16 20:01:39 2669 -14355 P 1.1841 0.6646 68.7N 89.8E 0 19
67 33 0857 May 27 03:24:35 2525 -14132 P 1.2525 0.5338 67.8N 32.9W 0 8
68 34 0875 Jun 07 10:46:55 2381 -13909 P 1.3221 0.4002 66.8N 155.0W 0 358
69 35 0893 Jun 17 18:09:48 2238 -13686 P 1.3917 0.2658 65.8N 83.2E 0 348
70 36 0911 Jun 29 01:34:54 2117 -13463 P 1.4599 0.1340 64.9N 38.6W 0 338
71 37 0929 Jul 09 09:02:03 2009 -13240 Pe 1.5267 0.0049 64.0N 160.6W 0 329
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
